Essay about The Characteristics of God - 1108 Words

The Characteristics of God In Section eleven of An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding Hume argues that if a teleological argument is sufficient proof for a god, then that god must have deficiencies in morality, power, benevolence and intelligence. I will present Hume’s argument and the subsequent objections he considers. As well, I will defend Hume’s final position by giving my best objection to it and explaining how that objection fails. Hume chooses to speak about the matter in the style of an imaginary dialogue between the ancient Greek philosopher Epicurus and the Athenian populace. I assume Hume did not do this to take a stance against the Greek pantheon but rather because the positions he presents in this argument could easily†¦show more content†¦(EHU 11.13-14) Hume’s argument that God is imperfect is viewed as follows: -All things which are created reflect, in their qualities, the qualities of their creator. -Nature was created. (from the teleological argument; we will refer to the creator as god.) -Nature is flawed in moral order and in happiness. -Therefore god is flawed in moral order, intelligence, or power, or benevolence (these being the causes which result in the aforementioned flaws in nature) Hume is sympathetic to those who after accepting a teleological argument assert the stronger proposition that god must be capable of anything and that god is perfection, But he also points out that by making this assertion we are also required to give an explaination of the imperfections and unhappiness in the world (which is contradictory to a benevolent, intelligent, moral and powerful creator). (EHU 11.16,18) Hume considers that the third premise of his argument may be challenged. If it is assumed that nature is not flawed in moral order or happiness, but rather nature as we observe it is a morally and emotionally perfect work which is not yet complete, then the argument’s stated conclusion is no longer derivable. While this view of nature does invalidate Hume’s argument, Hume explains why it is not reasonable to assume that nature is not yet complete.Show MoreRelatedThe Different Characteristics Of God Essay769 Words   |  4 Pages Different characteristics of God are displayed in men and women, which helps us more fully understand each gender. While God is genderless, males display some traits and women embody other characteristics of God. Throughout the Bible, God is referred to as father, ruler, lord, and head, all of which are roles God calls men to and are characteristics generally natural to men. Psalm 68:5-6, depicting God as a father with traits of leadership and protectiveness, states he is Lord, â€Å"father to theRead MoreThe Knowledge Of God s Existence And Fundamental Characteristics1435 Words   |  6 PagesUsing solely reason, we can obtain genuine knowledge about God’s existence and fundamental characteristics. Although the more complete knowledge of God unveiled in revelation cannot be strictly proven through the use of reason, this knowledge is consistent with that which we have come to know through reason. Therefore, it is entirely reasonable to hold the Catholic narrative of God as truth. Modern society, however, insists that only what is proven through science is worth believing. This attitudeRead MoreGod s Covenants : An Important Characteristic Of The Book Of Joshua1843 Words   |  8 PagesGod’s Covenants An important characteristic of the Book of Joshua was God assuring Joshua that He would be with him (Josh. 1:9 New International Version). 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Whenever anyoneRead MoreThe Reign Of God s Kingdom854 Words   |  4 Pagesthe teachings of Jesus, Jesus never stopped to mention about the Kingdom of God. According to various writings about Jesus’ perspective on the reign of God’s Kingdom, it is clear that Jesus portrays a particular set of characteristics that provide his clear perspective about the reign of God. These characteristics are mostly exhibited through most of his preaching to different gatherings. Although most of the characteristics are hidden within his message to the people, a closer analysis definitelyRead MoreThe Modern Time883 Words   |  4 PagesOne of the characteristics of the modern time is the velocity with which everything around us is changing. Some people would say that we are in a period of great technological advances and deep spiritual introspection. Nevertheless, is this spiritual phenomenon an intrinsic characteristic of our time or is it a long process coming from the Ancient Period? In one way or another, much of the religious history is tight to one or many superior beings, often called gods. Still, it seems like these superiorRead MoreDeath Penalty and Life in Prison1623 Words   |  7 PagesCWV 301 Christian Worldview Characteristics of God Worksheet amp; Essay For Part I of this assignment, you will look up the following passages in the Bible to learn about certain characteristics of God and how they shape the Christian Worldview. This is a brainstorming exercise, in which the listing of ideas is more important than writing. Consider using a bullet list or outline to discuss elements and sub elements. For Part II of this assignment, you will write an essay that summarizes whatRead MoreOntological Argument Is Not Reliant On An Posteriori933 Words   |  4 Pages Ontological Argument Saint Anselm created the â€Å"Ontological Argument†. Saint Anselm was the archbishop of Canterbury. The premise of Saint Anselm’s Ontological Argument is that, no greater being can be conceived than God. The Ontological Argument is an a priori or deductive argument. An a priori argument does not have to be supported by real or factual evidence just by reason without observation. Thus, the Ontological Argument is not reliant on an a posteriori premise. An a posteriori argumentRead MoreXenophanesCriticisms Against Homeric And Hesiodic Portrayals Of The Gods978 Words   |  4 PagesIn this paper I will discuss Xenophanes’ criticisms against Homeric and Hesiodic portrayals of the gods, as well as the arguments that supported these criticisms and his positive theology that is devised as a solution to these arguments. In the works of Homer and Hesiod, the gods were characterized, first, by the fact that they were born or came to be in some way or another, second, t hat they are constrained in multiple ways, third, that they were interested in human affairs and meddled in them,Read MoreAre Gods And Humans One?1025 Words   |  5 Pages Are Gods and Humans One In The Same? Take away the mystic powers and all other unworldly characteristics, gods are very much similar to humans. Referring to the myths Ancient Greece, the gods can be considered as anthropomorphic. Which means a supreme being, such as a god, possessing human-like characteristics. Greek myths are so identified with, because of the relevance to us as people vs if the myth was of a dog creature or an eagle. Generally the creator has the appearance of a human or if not

The Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne - 771 Words

Arthur Dimmesdale is a Puritan minister in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s novel, The Scarlet Letter. He is the man whom Hester has an affair with and is subsequently the father of Pearl. As the novel progresses, Dimmesdale’s true character is revealed and the reader follows him through several years of his life. Hawthorne utilizes a significant amount of symbolism to establish the character of Arthur Dimmesdale. The most significant symbol connected to Dimmesdale is when he holds his hand over his heart. This subtle gesture is the entire basis of the plot and carries a substantial amount of meaning. Only the reader and Pearl seem to understand the connection between when the minister covers his heart and the scarlet letter that Hester adorns. Pearl is the only one in the Puritan community who is able to link these two things together. She says, â€Å"It is for the same reason that the minister keeps his hand over his heart!† and is able to recognize that there is some ass ociation. Hawthorne makes it clear to the reader that Dimmesdale is Pearl’s father because of the use of the hand over heart symbol. He purposely conceals his chest from Chillingworth, especially, as if he has something to hide, which he does. The reader is able to interpret early on that Dimmesdale is a man with something to hide. Although the reader never really finds out, some of the Puritans speculate that he is hiding a scarlet â€Å"A† that he carved into his chest in order to bear the same humiliation as Hester. ThisShow MoreRelatedThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1242 Words   |  5 PagesLYS PAUL Modern Literature Ms. Gordon The Scarlet Letter The scarlet letter is book written by Nathaniel Hawthorne who is known as one the most studied writers because of his use of allegory and symbolism. He was born on July 4, 1804 in the family of Nathaniel, his father, and Elizabeth Clark Hathorne his mother. Nathaniel added â€Å"W† to his name to distance himself from the side of the family. His father Nathaniel, was a sea captain, and died in 1808 with a yellow fever while at sea. That was aRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne960 Words   |  4 Pages3H 13 August 2014 The novel, The Scarlet Letter, was written by the author Nathaniel Hawthorne and was published in 1850 (1). It is a story about the Puritan settlers of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, set around 1650 (2). The story is written in the third person with the narrator being the author. The common thread that runs through this novel is Hawthorne’s apparent understanding of the beliefs and culture of the Puritans in America at that time. But Hawthorne is writing about events in a societyRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne919 Words   |  4 Pagessymbolism in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†. Symbolism is when an object is used in place of a different object. Nathaniel Hawthorne is one of the most symbolic writers in all of American history. In â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†, the letter â€Å"A† is used to symbolize a variety of different concepts. The three major symbolistic ideas that the letter â€Å"A† represents in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Scarlet Letter† are; shame, guilt, and ability. In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†, the firstRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1397 Words   |  6 PagesFebruary 2016 The Scarlet Letter was written by Nathaniel Hawthorne in 1850 which is based on the time frame of the Puritans, a religious group who arrived in Massachusetts in the 1630’s. The Puritans were in a religious period that was known for the strict social norms in which lead to the intolerance of different lifestyles. Nathaniel Hawthorne uses the puritan’s strict lifestyles to relate to the universal issues among us. The time frame of the puritans resulted in Hawthorne eventually thinkingRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne1037 Words   |  5 Pagesthat human nature knows right from wrong, but is naturally evil and that no man is entirely â€Å"good†. Nathaniel Hawthorne, author of the classic novel The Scarlet Letter, believes that every man is innately good and Hawthorne shows that everyone has a natural good side by Hester’s complex character, Chillingworth’s actions and Dimmesdale’s selfless personality. At the beginning of the Scarlet Letter Hester Prynne is labeled as the â€Å"bad guy†. The townspeople demand the other adulterer’s name, butRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1517 Words   |  7 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne composes Pearl as a powerful character even though she is not the main one. Her actions not only represent what she is as a person, but what other characters are and what their actions are. Hawthorne makes Pearl the character that helps readers understand what the other characters are. She fits perfectly into every scene she is mentioned in because of the way her identity and personality is. Pearl grows throughout the book, which in the end, help the readers better understandRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne999 Words   |  4 Pages Nathaniel Hawthorne is the author of the prodigious book entitled The Scarlet Letter. In The Scarlet Letter, Hester Prynne commits adultery with Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale. Her husband, R oger Chillingworth, soon finds out about the incident after it becomes clear that she is pregnant. The whole town finds out and Hester is tried and punished. Meanwhile, Roger Chillingworth goes out then on a mission to get revenge by becoming a doctor and misprescribing Dimmesdale. He does this to torture DimmesdaleRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne1488 Words   |  6 Pages In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s novel The Scarlet Letter, the main character, Hester Prynne, is a true contemporary of the modern era, being cast into 17th century Puritan Boston, Massachusetts. The Scarlet Letter is a revolutionary novel by Nathaniel Hawthorne examining the ugliness, complexity, and strength of the human spirit and character that shares new ideas about independence and the struggles women faced in 17th century America. Throughout the novel, Hester’s refusal to remove the scarlet letterRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1319 Words   |  6 PagesPrynne and Arthur Dimmesdale are subject to this very notion in Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter. Hester simply accepted that what she had done was wrong, whereas Dimmesdale, being a man of high regard, did not want to accept the reality of what he did. Similar to Hester and Dimmesdale, Roger Chillingworth allows his emotions to influence his life; however, his influence came as the result of hi s anger. Throughout the book, Hawthorne documents how Dimmesdale and Hester s different ways of dealingRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1714 Words   |  7 PagesSome two hundred years following the course of events in the infamous and rigid Puritan Massachusetts Colony in the 1600s, Nathaniel Hawthorne, descendant of a Puritan magistrate, in the 19th century, published The Scarlet Letter. Wherein such work, Hawthorne offered a social critique against 17th Massachusetts through the use of complex and dynamic characters and literary Romanticism to shed light on said society’s inherent contradiction to natural order and natural law. In his conclusive statements

Increase Of Drug In The Wolfstead Park †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Increase Of Drug In The Wolfstead Park. Answer: Problem description Wolfstead Park, like for the case of all other parks is a place where area residents go to relax and have some good time. A problem has however occurred which has caused problems and challenges for the park to solve this issue. Reports have been made where an increased drug use in the park by the youths is disrupting the peace of peaceful residents that use the park for relaxation among other appropriate purposes. This aspect has led to increased problems in the park. Dependent Variable The dependent variable consists of the solution path that is the main occurrence that can be utilized to determine whether the park has experienced positive change or not. With this regard, the park can only be regarded as improving when incidences of drug use by the youths or other individuals reduce significantly. The reduction of these incidences is thus the dependent variable in deciding whether any form of improvements are taking place (Reisig, Kane, 2014). Cause of the problem The problem is the increase of drug use by youths in the park. The cause of this problem can be a large number of variables. Each one of these variables, however, are connected with the aspects of the youths attaining drugs while in the park, and thus for that reason, the cause is an increase in drug Sale to the youths within the park. Independent variable The independent variable is mainly the causes of the problem in place. Mr. Gleeson provides an explanation of the major causes and explains the increased drug sale business as the main cause of the problem and thus it is also the main independent variable. Types of research method used by community group The community group conducted research studies to provide evidence of the problem. Mr. Gleeson provides a research evidence as the means through which an understanding of the problem was obtained. The research method used was interviews among the members of the community who visit the park. A large number of eye witnesses provided information regarding the occurrences and issues presenting in the park. Quality of the Evidence and Possible Alternative Causes The evidence that Mr. Gleeson provides can be considered of high quality. To begin with, live witnesses to the occurrences of the park are provided, who explains what has been happening in the park and its cause. This aspect is appropriate for an individual to understand, mostly because with poor understanding, it becomes extremely difficult for an individual to understand the means through which the park issues can be established effectively (Greene, Gabbidon, 2012). Research Question The city council and the police are interested in understanding whether the park indeed has a problem of excessive use of drugs by the youths and whether there is sufficient evidence to prove this claim. Hypothesis The drugs business carried out in the park will cause a significant increase of drug use in the park. This aspect will significantly increase cases of violence and problems in the park, an aspect that is less beneficial and expected. Overview and Rationale of Proposed Research Method A proposal has been put forward by inspector Allen that the police of the state should conduct its research on this issue within the park using the research method of interviews and observations. The interviews will help in obtaining the information from individuals that have been able to observe the park even before the police began the investigations. This method will thus help to equip the police with relevant information that is highly beneficial and appropriate in operation. At the same time, the police will attain information about the opinions of the park residents who have been using the park peacefully long before this problem occurred (White, Habibis, 2005). The other aspect of observation is important because it will provide the police with first-hand information on what has been taking place in the park. This section of information is highly beneficial and appropriate because it is highly accurate and reliable, unlike the case of the eye witness information. When witnesses can provide information that is inaccurate or incorrect, the view that the police officers will have is likely to provide highly accurate information about the events occurring at the time. The combination of these aspects in the method of research will help to provide enough evidence and understanding to the police, of the occurrences taking place in the park. Operationalization of the Dependent Variable In order to manage to conduct the research at hand effectively, it is appropriate to describe the means through which I will manage to operationalize the dependent variable. The dependent variable, in this case, is the process of reducing the number of drugs that are accessed by youths within the park region. I propose to achieve this reduction by first empowering the community with methods that can be used to solve the problem. I will give every community member a hotline number which he or she can call to inform of any progressing incidences of drugs in the park to the police. With this information, the police can respond immediately and make arrests to the individuals causing this problem. I will then establish regular police patrols to police officers dressed like civilians in the park, who will assess and address any drug activities that might be taking place during the patrol session. Quality of the Evidence The evidence that will be collected during the research will be of high quality since its advantages and strengths significantly surpass its disadvantages and weaknesses. The first main strength is the fact that the police will have the information first hand through the observation method. The other major strength is the fact that willing residents of the area will provide the needed additional information, and since there is no force used, the individuals will have no reason to express inaccurate information. The main weaknesses are the fact that a number of individuals might still provide inaccurate information, although these individuals are likely to be significantly less (Braga, Weisburd, 2010). Alternative causes at Wolfstead As a way of responding to the problem in place and establishing a solution, the park attained a lights installation, which was aimed at ensuring that individuals do not hide in the dark and carry out their legal operations. This installation was responsible for a significant positive improvement on the problem. The county council is however interested in understanding any other causes that might have contributed to this improvement. The first possible cause is the understanding of the individuals that were abusing drugs in the park that people were concerned with their behaviours. This understanding led to many of them making the decision of not taking the drugs in that park. Another possible cause is the understanding of the seriousness that both the community and the county council had in addressing the problem. This problem led the individuals who caused the problem to make different choices. How Much Benefit Did the Lights Provide (Effect-Strength/Effect-Size) With the assumption that the benefit obtained was caused by the lights, the amount of the benefit that these lights caused is equivalent to the improvement observed. To begin with, the lights have the benefit of making the park visible even during the night. With this regard, it became an unsuitable position for individuals to take drugs. The lights also revealed to the individuals that people of the community are concerned with the drug problem and are willing to make changes by addressing this problem. With this regard, therefore, the lights made a significant positive change and can be viewed as the main reason why the improvements were observed. Overview and Rationale of a Proposed Ideal Research Method In order to obtain the best possible evidence about the impact of the lights in addressing the solution, a research study is necessary. The most appropriate research method to carry out this research and obtain relevant evidence is the qualitative method. In this method data collection means like interviews are appropriate and highly beneficial. By collecting data using these methods, it is easy to obtain sufficient evidence needed in determining the impact of the lights in addressing the problem. The method can also help to understand other possible reasons why the improvement observed occurred. This method is thus the most appropriate method that is necessary and appropriate (Greene, Gabbidon, 2012). Quality of the Evidence Through the utilization of the qualitative research method, the evidence obtained is more likely to be of a very high quality. To begin with, the method allows data to be obtained through the data collection methods like interviews to the residents that manage to observe the park effectively. The other important aspect of consideration is the means through which the evidence data is obtained. The residents of the park are significantly willing to provide assistance in any form and thus in order to help in establishing the most appropriate strategies to address the problem, the data obtained through this research method is likely to be highly accurate. This accuracy is likely to ensure effectiveness in data provision. Target population The residents of the region surrounding the park are highly concerned about the state the park is in, mostly because occurrences in the region directly affect them. If youths become rowdy and begin vandalizing the neighbourhood, the neighbours residing near the park are the individuals in danger of these occurrences. With this regard, therefore, neighbours of the park have a concern about being crime victims, with the current proceedings of the parks situation. In an assessment survey to determine the extent to which individuals associated with the park fear being crime victims, the most appropriate target population is the individuals within the radius of 500 meters around the park, and other individuals who visit the park often from other regions. The individuals living around the park are likely to visit the park in large numbers and thus together with the other visiting individuals, the park is capable of holding about 200 people and above on a single occasion. These individuals can be utilized to carry out the survey. Sample Like all other survey exercises, it is difficult to carry out a study with the full population of study, on such an occasion, it is appropriate to obtain random individuals to create a sample group that will be utilized to provide information in the survey. The sample group should be fully representing of all the group of interest in the survey. The uniform representation is essential in ensuring that all individuals associated with the issue have their issues represented in the survey and its findings (White, Habibis, 2005). With regard to this study, the most appropriate sample group should consist of individuals from the neighbourhood and others who visit the park from other areas. These are the individuals who are directly affected by the Park and its proceedings. About two hundred individuals are appropriate to include as the sample group to take the survey. Within this group of individuals, a group of individuals can be visitors to the park while the other group should consist of individuals who live in the neighbourhood. Since the park is large enough to hold this number of individuals, the survey can be carried out in a single day at the park, mostly a weekend since it is the specific day when the park is likely to have a large number of people. The individuals in the park can then be utilized as the sample group to provide the survey needed information in the study. Fear of becoming a victim Majority of the individuals are afraid of becoming a victim of the violent activities taking place in the park. With the park being a place where people like to go when they want to relax and rest, it is normally crowded and has often been safe for people to travel without fear at any time. The increased crime rate and drug use in the cause are however a cause of fear for many individuals, who have been using the park peacefully. Confidence in the local police The residents have been reducing the confidence they have with the local police, mostly because most of them believe the responsibility of ensuring public places like parks are safe for people belongs to the police. The presence and existence of high crime rates in these regions are thus associated with the failure of the local police in carrying out their duties and roles (Miller, Hess. Orthmann, 2011). Gender The question of gender has also been of concern to many individuals. Individuals of the female gender fear more for their safety in the park compared to those of the male gender. Another question the survey presents is the query of how important and appropriate the aspects of gender impact the probability of crime victimisation in the park. Additional Questions Another important aspect of consideration is the confidence that people have with the local police. A number of individuals who understand the complexity of the issue still has faith in the local police. Those who however view the aspects of crime increase as the failure of the police have a significantly reduced confidence in the local police. In case the survey participant chooses the category of low confidence on the local police, one question that the survey will ask is an explanation why they have low confidence. Potential Descriptive Findings for Quantitative Variables In this research, the first possible quantitative variable that is likely to present is fear because of earlier experience in crime. Another possible variable is the effectiveness of variables in operation. These variables complete defining the possible quantitative variables that might occur. Potential Descriptive Findings for Qualitative Questions Potential findings that might occur for the qualitative questions are the explanations about the reasons why a number of individuals are not confident in the services that they receive from police officers. The explanations of different individuals will help in explaining the reasons why people are not fully conversant and satisfied with those services. Does the Fear of Becoming a Victim Cause Opinions About Confidence in the Local Police to Differ? An important aspect that the survey requires to provide information about is the query of whether the fear that individuals have of becoming crime victims cause them to increase their blame on the local police. The question about the extent to which respondents think the local police and their operations is responsible for the negative problem that the park and its neighbours are facing can help to provide more information. Does Gender Cause Opinions About Confidence in the Local Police to Differ? The need to understand the impact of gender on opinion is important. In order to understand whether gender causes difference on how individuals interpret information and view police as the body responsible for these issues can help in establishing clarity on the aspect of gender and its impact in understanding the issue. This information can be obtained in the analysis stage where determination can be made on whether the answers regarding police response on the issue differ according to the gender of the survey respondents (Emsley, 2013). References Braga, A. Weisburd, D. (2010).Policing problem places : crime hot spots and effective prevention. New York: Oxford University Press. Emsley, C. (2013).Crime and Society in England : 1750-1900. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Greene, H. Gabbidon, S. (2012).Race and crime : a text/reader. Thousand Oaks, Calif: SAGE. Miller, L., Hess. Orthmann, C. (2011).Community policing : partnerships for problem solving. Australia Clifton Park, NY: Delmar Cengage Learning. Reisig, M. Kane, R. (2014).The Oxford handbook of police and policing. Oxford New York: Oxford University Press. White, R. Habibis, D. (2005).Crime and society. Oxford New York: Oxford University Press.

Marketing Mix of Telenor Essay Example

Marketing Mix of Telenor Paper EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Telenor was launched in Pakistan in March 2005. Despite facing fierce competition it has managed to make its mark in the telecommunication industry and captured a huge consumer base. It is a provider of high quality telecommunications and media communication services and is ranked, as the 7th  largest mobile operator in the world, and caters to over 153 million subscribers. Today after six years of its existence in Pakistan, Telenor is the fastest growing cellular network in the country. It offers a variety of packages which cater to the needs of people from all walks of life. Telenor has been technically innovative coming up with various new services such as easy-load, Telenor mobile TV, Auto location service? to name a few. Its marketing efforts in promoting such services have ensured that their product is differentiated from its competitors, which helped them take hold of a large portion of the market share. This report covers all major aspects of Telenor’s leading telecommunication services in Pakistan including a thorough analysis of its progress and future goals for the years to come. HISTORY Telenor Pakistan is a Pakistani GSM cellular service provider, and is a subsidiary of Telenor, Norway. Telenor Pakistan is 100% owned by Telenor ASA and adds on to its operations in Asia together with Thailand, Malaysia and Bangladesh. Telenor Pakistan launched its operations in March 2005 as the single largest direct European investment in Pakistan, setting precedence for further foreign investments in the telecom sector. The company has crossed many milestones and grown in a number of directions, making Telenor Pakistan a leading telecom operator of the country. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Mix of Telenor specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Mix of Telenor specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Mix of Telenor specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer They are the fastest growing mobile network in the country, with coverage reaching deep into many of the remotest areas of Pakistan. In the most difficult terrains of the country, from the hilly northern areas to the sprawling deserts in the south, at times they are the only operator connecting the previously unconnected. It is spread across Pakistan, creating 2,500 direct and 25,000-plus indirect employment opportunities. It has a network of 23 company-owned sales and service centers, more than 200 franchisees and some 100,000 retail outlets. Telenor acquired the license for providing GSM ervices in Pakistan in April 2004, and had launched its services commercially in Islamabad, Rawalpindi and Karachi on 15 March 2005, and on 23 March 2005, Telenor started its services in Lahore, Faisalabad and Hyderabad. Telenor has its corporate headquarters in Islamabad, with regional offices in Karachi and Lahore. On January 28, 2005, Telenor established its first call centre in Lahore. Telenor is the 2nd largest network of Pakistan after Mobilink. Telenor believes: â€Å"What matters most is the right strategy, at the right time and precision in execution. † Telenor’s Product Strategy To get the real fruits of more open market at regional level requires the satisfaction of the demands of the target market and this satisfaction can only be achieved if the product or service offered in the market is suitable and acceptable for its purpose and this can be obtained by adopting a regional product strategy suitable for company and the market as well. Telenor’s study indicates that it is acting quite on this concept that, in order to be more competitive in the world market, firms should shift their emphasis from local customized products to globally standardized products that are advanced, functional, reliable and low priced. But here low priced strategy be to compromise and later on due to its quality, Telenor’s low price strategy takes shift from low to high but competitive. Buzzel (1968) argued that product standardization has different benefits (a) economies of scale, (b) faster accumulation of learning experience and (c) reduced costs of design modification. In the regional open market, Telenor is taking the fruit of this by adopting the product standardization but the situation can be different in other markets. The company used a multi domestic strategy to gain competitive advantage in its target markets. A key factor in the strategy is the encouragement of senior managers to be entrepreneurial in responding to local customer needs, product quality and customer services. Telenor’s decision to standardize or adapt its products is based on cost/benefit analysis of what they believe the implications of adaptation and standardization are for profitability and market share. According to Doole (2000) in normal circumstances, the cost of adaptation would be expected to be greater than the cost of successful standardization. Telenor believes in long term advantages and not in satisfaction of immediate demand, that’s why they continue the exposure to the standardized products and services which leads them to greater market share in the longer term. Our research shows that there are three factors which enforced the company towards more standardized strategy and these are illustrated in figure below. †¢Homogeneity of markets †¢Increase in number of regionalizing firms †¢Identifiable international consumer segments. Summarizing it, regionalization forced the company to rethink about its strategies towards product, to be more competitive in the open market. Telenor’s Price Strategy Pricing across the borders is comparatively difficult from other decisions though it is believed that pricing is the most flexible and controllable marketing mix element. Companies operating in different markets experience extraordinarily difference across the borders. This can be due to the exchange rate difference and other barriers. But in our study, this matter is not much sensitive because of psychic distance factor. Cultural environment and a geographical neighborhood influence the pricing policy of Telenor. On the other hand, being a non member of European Union, it can be totally opposite of the general strategies adopted by the companies located in European Union. Telenor’s pricing policy is influenced by different factors among them five are much important and they are indicated below: †¢Market survival †¢Sales growth †¢Market position †¢Maximization of Profits †¢Maintenance of product’s quality though lower price is considered a suitable policy and in case of Telenor, it is effective due to regionalization but not so much but competition factor is given special consideration before development of price strategy. That’s why Telenor has high price strategy due to high quality products and services but at certain level penetration price strategy is adopted to stimulate sales growth. Here, at this aspect if we talk about the standardization or adaptation strategy of pricing, Telenor follows adaptation policy as well because it allows each local subsidiary or partner to set a price which is considered to be the most suitable for local conditions. On the other hand, lack of control can be the weakness of this strategy and it may require some cost for management Telenor’s Place Strategy To manage the foreign channels of distribution is a key area in a company’s efforts to be more competitive in the market. According to (Doole, 2001), as products become more standardized across the world, the ability to compete on customer becomes more vital. Channels of distributions developed by Telenor follow the cultural traditions of the target market because it is important to understand and manage cultural differences amongst different markets and Telenor has deep analysis of the markets before developing its positioning strategy because cultural differences add to control difficulties. In regional marketing, Telenor is taking advantages of his heavy infrastructural products and its financial worth. In our study, we found that company is adopting those strategies which are not used by the others commonly. To make a huge as well as direct investment in the form of acquisitions and wholly owned subsidiaries is high risky but more profitable decision for Telenor. Open borders give a number of alternatives for position the products and Telenor is using different distribution channels which vary from market to market and country to country. As Telenor is involved in telecommunication business so usually it doesn’t involve in physical distribution but it has the partnership strategy and on the local level, shops and customer care centers are used as place strategy. Telenor’s Promotional Strategy It is quite obvious from the business environment, that there is a rapid increase in competition and markets became mature at the regional level. These factors demand the companies to offer high quality products and services at competitive price level through suitable distribution channel. In addition to its traditional role of promoting products and services, international marketing communications is increasingly used to facilitate the company with an important way of differentiation in open internal market. According to our findings, there are a variety of promotional tools which are used by Telenor to inform and motivate its valuable consumers in the regional market. The company developed a standardized promotional package which is sufficiently flexible with the different ways in different cultures and norms. Besides it, that package is also flexible in such a way, in which subsidiaries can develop their own marketing positioning and related promotional strategy. During our study of Telenor as a regional company, we found that the company builds up its promotional strategies with two basic issues. First, the company should have the clear picture of the objectives for regional marketing communication strategy and, second is, how the company can combine the different promotional tools and activities for the higher level of cost effectiveness. On the other hand Telenor’s regional marketing communication strategy can be adapted because the market structures and distribution channels can be different from market to market and country to country. However, mostly these factors are not those, which can said to be crucial for the company like Telenor. Summarizing it, regionalization factor has influenced the Telenor’s promotional part of marketing mix but in all the way it has positive edge for the company and its business throughout the region. Telenor’s People Strategy: Telenor does highly focus on the ‘People’ element of the 8 P’s of the services marketing mix i. e front-line staff for any company will have a direct impact on perceptions of the consumers. Telenor provides training and further education programs that ensure a high professional standard amongst employees. Telenor believes that a talented and loyal workforce plays a crucial role in the organization’s ongoing business success. It maintains a policy of non-discrimination towards all employees and applicants for employment. All aspects of employment are governed by merit, competence, suitability and qualifications, and are not influenced in any manner by gender, age, race, color, religion, national origin or disability. Today, Telenor’s workforce proves that; with 18% women working at all levels in the organization, both foreign and local educational backgrounds. Their aim is to stay ahead of the industrial pace, develop, design and execute responsibilities in a way that enable to contribute most productively towards thier organizational success. Telenor’s competitive edge is ttributed to the well managed work dynamics and the ability to change and mould quickly as per the needs of the hour. Telenor’s Process Strategy Telenor Group is considered to be an international provider of tele data and media communication services along with various operations of mobile phones in a number of 13 markets across Asia, Central and Eastern Europe and in the Nordic region. Franchise network of Tel enor Pakistan is intensifying for the Sales, Distribution and Customer Services Operation. It has provided the sound business professionals of 11 cities with the offer of setting up Telenor franchise operations. More than two and a half times greater success is received by franchising and it enjoys a small amount of business success rate as compared to the small stand alone business. Identifying and developing a franchise outlet as per Telenors condition. Creating a Sales, Distribution and customer services team and retail network in line with Telenors visualization. Customer attainment and retention through Telenors portfolio of products and services. Being the shareholders with telenor in terms of dividends, franchise operators can anticipate enormous financial and non financial incentives. On the whole, Franchises are considered as a fundamental part of telenors operations. Telenor’s Physical Environment Strategy Telenor believe in creating a work environment that allows its employees to work when and where they want, enables them to communicate freely with their co-workers and managers, and ensures their safety and well-being. * Flexible working hours At Telenor their employees perform best when they enjoy the benefits and flexibility that Telenor communication technology allows: with a laptop, a cell phone and network access, they can do their job almost anywhere, at any time. Parents can combine work and family in a way that better suits their schedule; employees who like to work at odd hours may do so. * Open-plan offices At Telenor there are no individual offices. Open-plan office solutions were first installed at the Telenor headquarters in Norway in 2002. Since then their offices in Pakistan, Serbia, Hungary, Malaysia, Denmark, India, Sweden, Thailand, Bangladesh and Montenegro have adopted, or started to adopt, similar office structures. Open-plan offices make it easy for employees to communicate with one another, solve problems and share knowledge. Managers and employees talk more freely. In the end, it makes each employee, as well as the entire organization, more efficient. Telenor Pakistan has successfully invented a unique, new and a workable way to carry forward their operations with a key focus on quality and simplicity, coupled with productivity and output. The open space environment is unique in its own right as there is no protocol, no red tape and no bureaucracy. With the high levels of approachability, people can now get work done formally as well as informally, by avoiding systems of â€Å"requests and appointments† Conclusion Telenor is the leading telecommunication company, which are the most advanced telecommunication markets in the world. The Telenor Group is committed to engage in the local communities where it operates. In Pakistan telenor launched its operations in March 2005 as the single largest direct European investment in Pakistan. The company has crossed many milestones and grown in a number of directions, making Telenor Pakistan a leading telecom operator of the country. They are providing a service in almost 2500 cites of Pakistan and it is most growing telecom industry in this country. In short it start its business when there is a very high competition in market and take very little time to grow in the market and now it has almost 20% market share in Pakistan and standing at second place along with Ufone who also has 20%. They are now providing different services to its customers at a high quality which helps them to progress rapidly in country and in features their objectives shows that in next few years the will become the market leaders in Pakistan. Suggestion: Key Issues: †¢Issue 1: Maintain network quality †¢Issue 2: Low market penetration †¢Issue 3: Rolling Customers †¢Issue 4: Untapped market segments- Women †¢Issue 5: Mobile number portability †¢Issue 6: Documentation to avoid mischievous †¢Issue 7: Should be low price †¢Issue 8: Maintain Customer Relationship Management Strategic Direction †¢Building an organization with competency, capabilities and resource strengths †¢Developing Technical Knowhow in Employees Developing budgets to steer ample resources into critical value chain activities †¢ Creating strategy supportive policies and procedures †¢Instituting best practices and a commitment to continuous improvement †¢Installing support systems and Value added Services †¢Maintain low cost Recommendation In the modern world telecommunication companies should develop dynamic marketing strategic location-based advertising, content, and services. In order to establish strong position in the enterprise market the company should enhance its cross-cultural communication strategies. Telenor should pursue its growth opportunities in total communication Large corporate as well as well small and medium sized businesses require effective communication in order to form a consumer pulling market. It should also maintain connections with stockholders to keep them satisfied. Thecompany should keep such managers who are decisive and quick. The dynamic environment requires the managers to adapt quickly to the changing conditions. This is imperative for the survival of the company. The company should increase its risk taking policy. This is necessary for effective expansion.